polymer would be ok in a relatively dry terrarium, but anything high humidity is not a good idea, like I tell people who buy my sculpts, not to put them in bathrooms, because the humidity from the bath/shower can damage them. or dont put them in bright light or direct sunlight or let them get too hot. when even the cured clay gets warm it becomes soft (and can release toxic fumes) and brittle and will break. now too hot is 90+F so not really relevant here since that would be a bad idea in a terrarium.
I really hate sculpting with epoxy putty clays, but the one I use is apoxie sculpt. it comes in colors and I have also had really good success coloring it with mica powders mixed into it and rubbed on the surface before its cured. some epoxy clay is toxic as well. I did a search on the forums here and did a bunch or research before I decided Apoxie sculpt was probably safe. I have a rock wall I made from it in my auratus tank for over a year now with no problems with any plants or frogs or their froglets. there is also zoopoxy which there is a thread about here somewhere and Smooth On also has an aquarium safe epoxy clay which I will be using in a viv I am working on now. Im now sure how available to you any of those would be.
with resins you can color the resin with a base color before you pour it into your mold and what I usually do is color the mold itself, I usually use mica powders for this too. if you really want to paint it you can seal it with a clear coat of resin. what you can also do it pour your resin in different stages and use different colors of resin each time.
most of my mushrooms are going to be made from silicone with some of them having resin stems. I don't mean aquarium sealant or caulking I mean the stuff used in prosthetics or animatronics.